diff --git a/spring-webflux/src/main/java/org/springframework/web/reactive/config/WebFluxConfigurationSupport.java b/spring-webflux/src/main/java/org/springframework/web/reactive/config/WebFluxConfigurationSupport.java
index c70e84faef..ed55b0988c 100644
--- a/spring-webflux/src/main/java/org/springframework/web/reactive/config/WebFluxConfigurationSupport.java
+++ b/spring-webflux/src/main/java/org/springframework/web/reactive/config/WebFluxConfigurationSupport.java
@@ -24,6 +24,7 @@ import reactor.core.publisher.Mono;
 
 import org.springframework.beans.BeanUtils;
 import org.springframework.beans.factory.BeanInitializationException;
+import org.springframework.beans.factory.NoSuchBeanDefinitionException;
 import org.springframework.context.ApplicationContext;
 import org.springframework.context.ApplicationContextAware;
 import org.springframework.context.annotation.Bean;
@@ -38,6 +39,7 @@ import org.springframework.format.support.DefaultFormattingConversionService;
 import org.springframework.format.support.FormattingConversionService;
 import org.springframework.http.codec.ServerCodecConfigurer;
 import org.springframework.lang.Nullable;
+import org.springframework.util.Assert;
 import org.springframework.util.ClassUtils;
 import org.springframework.validation.Errors;
 import org.springframework.validation.MessageCodesResolver;
@@ -93,6 +95,7 @@ public class WebFluxConfigurationSupport implements ApplicationContextAware {
 	@Override
 	public void setApplicationContext(@Nullable ApplicationContext applicationContext) {
 		this.applicationContext = applicationContext;
+		assertWebMvcNotEnabled(applicationContext);
 	}
 
 	@Nullable
@@ -100,6 +103,19 @@ public class WebFluxConfigurationSupport implements ApplicationContextAware {
 		return this.applicationContext;
 	}
 
+	private static void assertWebMvcNotEnabled(@Nullable ApplicationContext applicationContext) {
+		try {
+			if (applicationContext != null) {
+				Assert.isNull(applicationContext.getType("mvcContentNegotiationManager"),
+						"The Java/XML config for Spring MVC and Spring WebFlux cannot both be enabled, " +
+								"e.g. via @EnableWebMvc and @EnableWebFlux, in the same application.");
+			}
+		}
+		catch (NoSuchBeanDefinitionException ex) {
+			// Expected...
+		}
+	}
+
 
 	@Bean
 	public DispatcherHandler webHandler() {