diff --git a/org.springframework.test/src/main/java/org/springframework/test/context/support/DelegatingSmartContextLoader.java b/org.springframework.test/src/main/java/org/springframework/test/context/support/DelegatingSmartContextLoader.java
index d382b1032d..0cdbb0aeec 100644
--- a/org.springframework.test/src/main/java/org/springframework/test/context/support/DelegatingSmartContextLoader.java
+++ b/org.springframework.test/src/main/java/org/springframework/test/context/support/DelegatingSmartContextLoader.java
@@ -123,7 +123,7 @@ public class DelegatingSmartContextLoader implements SmartContextLoader {
 	public void processContextConfiguration(final ContextConfigurationAttributes configAttributes) {
 
 		Assert.notNull(configAttributes, "configAttributes must not be null");
-		Assert.isTrue(configAttributes.hasLocations() && configAttributes.hasClasses(), String.format(
+		Assert.isTrue(!(configAttributes.hasLocations() && configAttributes.hasClasses()), String.format(
 			"Cannot process locations AND configuration classes for context "
 					+ "configuration %s; configure one or the other, but not both.", configAttributes));